National culture
The national culture is a culture that is recognized as a national identity . The definition of national culture according to MPR No.II 1998, namely: " The national culture is based on Pancasila is the embodiment of creativity, work and initiative of the Indonesian nation and an overall effort to develop Indonesian human dignity of the nation , as well as directed to provide insight and meaning to the national development in all areas of national life . Thus the National Development is development that berbudaya.Departemen Education and Culture , Being , Meaning and Peak - Peak Lama and Native Culture for the People supporters , Semarang : P & K , 199 "
National culture in view of Ki Hajar Dewantara is " the tops of the regional culture " . Quote this statement refers to the understanding of unity increasingly strengthened , so that more and more perceived than ketunggalikaan diversity . His form a unitary state , national economy , national laws , as well as the national language . The definition given by Koentjaraningrat can be seen from his statement : " a distinctive and quality of any ethnic origin , the origin could identify themselves and give rise to a sense of pride , that national culture " . This statement refers to the tops of the regional culture and ethnic cultures can lead to a sense of pride for Indonesia if it is shown to represent a common identity . Nunus Supriya , " Regional Culture and National Culture "
Statements contained in the Guidelines is a translation of the 1945 Constitution Article 32 . Today the Indonesian cultural figures arguing the existence of local culture and national culture related to the elimination of three sentence explanation of Article 32 and the emergence of a new paragraph . They questioned the possibility of a split by regional culture if restrictions on national culture is not explained clearly .
Prior to the amendment , the 1945 uses two terms to identify the areas of culture and national culture . National culture , cultures are long and contained as a genuine peaks in regions throughout Indonesia , while the national culture itself is understood as a cultural nation that is already in a position that has meaning for the people of Indonesia . In the national culture are unifying element of Banga Indonesia are aware and experienced nationwide distribution . In it there are elements of the national culture and foreign cultural elements , as well as the creation of new elements or results of national invention .
Dance
Traditional dance , part of the local culture that make up the national culture of Indonesia
The main article for this section is : Indonesian Dance
Indonesian dance reflects the richness and diversity of tribes and culture of Indonesia . There are more than 700 ethnic groups in Indonesia : cultural roots can be seen from Austronesian and Melanesian peoples , influenced by the various cultures of neighboring countries in Asia and even Western influence is absorbed through colonization . Every tribe in Indonesia has its own particular variety of dance ; In Indonesia there are more than 3000 Indonesian original dances . Ancient tradition of dance and drama conserved in various dance studios and schools that are protected by the palace or government -run art academies .
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For classification purposes , the art of dance in Indonesia can be classified into various categories . In the category of history , Indonesian dance can be divided into three eras: the era of prehistoric tribal , Hindu - Buddhist era , and the era of Islam . Based protectors and supporters , can be divided into two groups , dance palace ( palace dance ) which supported the nobility, and folk dance that grew out of the common people . By tradition , Indonesian dances are divided into two groups: traditional dance and contemporary dance .
The songs
Folk songs or folk music or song regionalism , is a song or music coming from a certain area and became popular both sung by the people of the region as well as other people . In general, this area songwriter aka noname no longer known .
Regional songs like the national anthem , but merely regional status alone . Regional song lyrics usually have a language according to their respective areas such as Manuk Dadali of West Java and Sense Sayange of Maluku .
Main article : List of national anthem Indonesia
In addition to folk songs , Indonesia also has some of the national anthem or patriotic songs that serve as a song of encouragement to the fighters during the war of independence .
The difference between the national anthem is a patriotic song that was officially designated national anthem has become a symbol of a nation . In addition , the national anthem is usually the only official song of a country or region that became his trademark . Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya is created by Wage Rudolf Soepratman .
Music
gamelan orchestra
Indonesian musical identity began to take shape when the Bronze Age culture migrated to the archipelago in the third and second centuries BC. Traditional tribal music of Indonesia generally use percussion instruments , especially drums and gongs . Some evolved into complex music and different , such as stringed instruments Sasando from Rote Island , West Java angklung and gamelan orchestra of Java and Bali complex
Music in Indonesia is very diverse because of the tribes in Indonesia are manifold , so that virtually the entire 17,508 islands has its own culture and art . Indonesia has thousands of different kinds of music , sometimes followed by dances and performances . The traditional music of the most popular is the gamelan , angklung and keroncong , while modern music is pop and dangdut .
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Japanese culture has changed a lot over the years, from the original culture of this country, Jomon, until the present culture, which combines influences of Asia, Europe and North America. After several waves of immigration from other continents and around the islands of the Pacific, followed by the entry of Chinese culture, Japanese residents experienced a long period of isolation from the outside world under the Tokugawa shogunate until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji era. As a result, the Japanese culture is different from other Asian cultures.
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